Артроз суставов: факторы риска, профилактика, симптомы и лечение

Артроз — долговременное, медленно развивающееся заболевание одного или нескольких суставов, характеризующееся износом суставного хряща. Согласно статистике, шестая часть населения в нашей стране страдает от артроза, а в возрастной категории более 70 лет — до 80% населения.
Артроз

Причины и факторы риска артроза

Причины возникновения артроза до настоящего времени неизвестны. Первоначально предполагалось, что основной причиной артроза является повышенный возраст и износ суставного хряща. Сегодня эти причины считаются не столь важными. В общем, можно сказать, что это заболевание может быть вызвано несколькими причинами.

Факторы риска для артроза:

• ожирение;
• физически тяжелая работа;
• отсутствие движения;
• женский пол;
• врожденные дефекты суставов;
• переломы и инфекции в области суставов;
• наследственность;
• диабет, акромегалия;
• механические факторы — неравная длина конечностей, гипермобильность.

Симптомы артроза суставов

Симптомы артроза включают:

• жесткость суставов, особенно после сна;
• набухание суставов;
• на поздних стадиях боли в суставах ухудшаются в связи с погодными условиями;
• постепенно соединение становится менее подвижным и образуется набухание;
• на заключительных этапах боль в суставах присутствует даже в состоянии покоя и ночью.

При длительном артрозе хрящ постепенно повреждается. Он теряет свою эластичность, прочность, трескается, его поверхность уже не гладкая, и при движении возникает больше трения. Иногда хрящ полностью исчезает. Со временем сустав может стать вообще неподвижным. Это невоспалительное заболевание, но при его течении происходит состояние, напоминающее воспаление. Это состояние называется активированным артрозом.

Профилактика артроза суставов

Профилактика артроза включает:

• пешие прогулки и плавание;
• быстрые прогулки, бег;
• избегание занятий спортом на высоком уровне;
• защиту суставов подчас занятий спортом с помощью специализированных средств: ортезы, протекторы;
• уменьшение подъема тяжелых грузов;
• правильную диету для суставов, которая включает рыбу, орехи, семена подсолнечника и продукты с витаминами C и E.

Лечение артроза суставов

Лечение артроза длительно. Артроз нельзя вылечить, его можно только «приструнить». На начальных этапах достаточно просто не перегружать суставы и применять антиревматические мази. При болях принимайте анальгетики. От боли в суставах хорошо себя зарекомендовали такие средства, как Хондролайн и Сустанол гель. В запущенных стадиях ваш доктор будет назначать вам нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты и хондропротекторные средства, лекарства, которые питают и регенерируют суставной хрящ. На последних стадиях артроз лечится хирургическим вмешательством и заменой пораженного сустава на искусственный.

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